Diesel cylinder head



March 23, 1965 A. c. SAMPIETRO ETAL 3,174,467

DIESEL CYLINDER HEAD Filed April 25, 1962' 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 23,1965 Filed April 23, 1962 A. c. SAMPIETRO ETAL 3,174,467

DIESEL CYLINDER HEAD 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 1965 A. c. SAMPIETRO ETAL3,174,467

DIESEL CYLINDER HEAD 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 23, 1962 March 23,1965 A. c. SAMPIETRO ETAL 3,174,467

DIESEL CYLINDER HEAD Filed April 25, "1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 UnitedStates Patent Office 3,174,467 Patented Mar. 23, 1965 3,174,467 DIESELCYLINDER HEAD Achilles C. Sampietro, Birmingham, and Kenneth G.Matthews, Grosse Pointe Woods, Mich, assignors to Kaiser JeepCorporation, a corporation of Nevada Filed Apr. 23, 1962, Ser. No.189,515 22 Claims. (Cl. 123-32) This invention relates to diesel enginesand more specifically to a diesel engine of an overhead camshaftconstruction. I

By providing a diesel engine with an overhead camshaft and by drivingthe fuel injector pump for that diesel engine directly from the overheadcamshaft, the fuel lines from the injector pump to the individualinjectors can be of a minimum length; therefore, it is an object of thisinvention to provide a diesel engine of an overhead camshaft design inwhich the fuel injector pump is driven by the camshaft.

By utilizing a diesel engine having an overhead camshaft and by drivingthe fuel injection pump therefrom, all of the fuel lines and theinjector pump can be encased within the valve cover thereby providingboth a more compact assembly and a construction in which the individualfuel lines are protected from damage in the event the engine is to beremoved and/ or repaired. Therefore, it is another object of thisinvention to provide a diesel engine having an overhead camshaft whichdrives the fuel injector pump which construction facilitates thelocation of all the fuel lines to the injectors plus the injector pumpwithin the valve cover.

Tests have indicated that one of the most efiicient types of combustionchambers in the cylinder head is the hemispherically shaped combustionchamber; therefore, it is another object of this invention to provide adiesel engine having a cylinder head with a hemispherically-shapedcombustion chamber.

It has been the practice in diesel engine construction to provide acombustion pocket in the head of the piston in which the fuel-airmixture can be concentrated and efficiently ignited. With this type ofconstruction, however, cooling problems result since the only cooling tothe piston head is through the oil in the crankcase. It is an object ofthis invention to provide a diesel engine construction in which acombustion pocket is formed in the cylinder head, which pocket isreadily accessible to cool-' ing from the cooling system; it is afurther object of this invention to provide a diesel enginehaving asimplified construction in which the combustion pocket is coincidentwith the exhaust valve seat in the cylinder head.

It is desirable that the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber besubjected to a swirling effect when forced into the combustion pocket tothereby provide for an effective mixture of the fuel and air prior tocombustion; therefore, it is another object of the invention to providea combustion pocket causing swirling of fuel-air mixture in thecombustion chamber cylinder.

It is another object of this invention to provide an injector assemblyfor each combustion chamber in the cylinder head for directing fuel suchas to aid the swirling within the combustion pocket to thereby enhancethe effectiveness of the mixture of the fuel with the air.

It is desirable that a short fuel ignition path be provided from thenozzle of each fuel injector to the combustion pocket; therefore, it isan object of this invention to provide a diesel engine constructionhaving a short fuel ignition path from the nozzle of each fuel injectorto the combustion pocket.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent from the subsequent descripti-on and the appendedclaims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view with some parts brokenaway with some parts shown in section of a diesel engine embodying thefeatures of this invention;

FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary, partially sectioned, front elevational viewof a portion of the diesel engine shown in FIGURE 1 depicting therelationship between a fuel injector, combustion chamber, cylinder, thecamshaft and rocker arm assemblies of the diesel engine shown in FIG-URE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary, partially sectioned, front elevational viewof the diesel engine in FIGURE 1 depicting the relationship between thecamshaft, the intake and exhaust valves, the combustion chamber and therocker arm assembly of the diesel engine of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary, partially sectioned, plan view of a portionof the diesel engine shown in FIGURE 1 depicting the relationshipbetween the rocker arms actuating the intake and exhaust valves, theoverhead camshaft, the fuel injectors and the fuel injector pump of thediesel engine of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 5 is a blown up, fragmentary, partially sectioned, frontelevational view depicting the relationship between the intake andexhaust valves, the combustion chamber and the piston of one cylinder ofthe diesel engine shown in FIGURE 1 and taken substantially along theline 55 in FIGURE 6;

FIGURE 6 is a bottom sectional view of a combustion chamber of thecylinder head of the diesel engine shown in FIGURE 1 taken substantiallyalong the line 6-6 in FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of the combustion chamber inthe cylinder head and a piston of the diesel engine of FIGURE 1 takensubstantially along the line 77 in FIGURE 6, and

FIGURE 8 is a pictorial representation of one of the hemisphericalcombustion chambers of the cylinder head of the diesel shown in FIGURE 1and depicts the relationship between the intake and exhaust valves andthe combustion pocket.

While the features of this invention have been shown as embodied for usein an overhead valve, in-line 6-cylinder engine, it is to be understoodthat the features of this invention are not necessarily restricted tothat specific type.

Looking now to FIGURE 1, an in-line 6-cylinderdiesel engine 10 isgenerally shown to be comprised of a cylinder head assembly 12 and anengine block assembly 14 secured together by bolts or other conventionalmeans. The engine block 14 has six in-line cylinders 16 each forreceiving one of six piston assemblies 18. The cylinder head 12 isformed with six combustion chambers 20, 20a each of which is arranged inalignment with one of the cylinders 16. The chambers 20 are the first,third and fifth ones in the cylinder head 12 (left to right in FIG- UREl) and differ from the chambers 20a which are the second, fourth andsixth ones, in a manner'to be described. The combustion chambers 20, 20aare of a contour defined by a spherical zone bounded by one plane. Whilein the'specific embodiment shown the combustion chambers 20, 20a defineless than half of a sphere, for the sake of convenience these shall bereferred to as hemispherical combustion chambers.

A camshaft 21 is centrally mounted on a camshaft bracket 23 disposed onthe upper portion of the'cylinder head 12 for rotation within aplurality of axially spaced bearing block members 22, 24, 26 and 28 andhas disposed thereon at spaced intervals a plurality of cam members 29.Looking now to FIGURES 2, 3 and 4, each of the lobes or cam members 29is associated with a pair of stamped, cast or otherwise formed rockerarm members 30, pairs of which are disposed on opposite sides of thecamshaft 21 for actuating an intake valve assembly 32 and an exhaustvalve assembly 34 for each of the combustion chambers 20, 20a. Theintake and exhaust valve assemblies 32 and 34, respectively, aredisposed overhead relative to chambers 20, 20a and are comprised of theusual valve members, valve spring, etc. the details of which are wellknown in the art and which do not constitute a part of this invention.Each of the rocker arms 30 is pivotally secured to a stud 36 for pivotalmovement about a partially sperioally shaped sleeve member 38 which issecured to and positionally adjustable along the stud 36 by means of anut 40 which is in engagement with a threaded end of the stud 36. Anintake manifold 42 communicates each of the intake valve assemblies 32while an exhaust manifold 44 communicates each of the exhaust valveassemblies 34.

Secured to the front end of the camshaft 21 is a sprocket member 46which is engageable with a timing chain 48 which is in turn driven bythe crankshaft (not shown); the timing can be set in a conventionalmanner to provide the proper sequence of operation of the plurality ofrocker arms 30, and hence of the plurality of intake and exhaustassemblies 32 and 34, respectively, relative to the position of theassociated one of the piston assemblies 18.

A bracket 50 (FIGURE 1) secured to the front hearing block 22 extendsover and around the sprocket 46 and timing chain 48 and has securedthereto a fuel injection pump member 52 by means of a pair of bolts 54.The camshaft 21 terminates in a forward portion 53 which is engageablewith a member within the fuel injector pump 52 such that rotation ofcamshaft 21 causes pump 52 to pump fuel sequentially through each of aplurality of fuel lines 56. These lines 56 are connected to the pump 52in pairs with one (55) of each pair being an input line and the other(57) a return line. The fuel injector pump 52 is of a construction wellknown in the art and its specific features do not constitute a part ofthis invention. Thus fuel from the pump 52 is fed to the several pairsof lines composed of an input line 55 and a return line 57 in apreselected sequence and time to be in accordance with the rotation ofthe camshaft 21. Thus the transmission of fuel to the lines 56 can beplaced in a selected relationship to the actuation of the various intakeand exhaust valve assemblies 32, 34 and hence in relationship to theposition of each of the piston assemblies 18. Note that in the preferredembodiment the pump 52 is substantially in axial alignment with thecamshaft 21; this allows the fuel lines 56 to be of a minimum lengththus providing for a compact assembly.

Each of the six combustion chambers 20, 20a (FIG- URE 2) is providedwith a fuel injector assembly 58 which is of a conventional constructionhaving a housing member 60 with a precombustion chamber 62 formed at theend thereof which is in fluid communication with one of the combustionchambers 20, 20a and having an injector member 64 with a nozzle 66extending through the housing 60 and into the precombustion chamber 62.As shown in the drawings each injector member 64 is threaded into thecorresponding housing member 60 which in turn is bolted to the cylinderhead 12. Connected to each injector member 64 of each fuel injectorassembly 58 is one input fuel line 55 and the corresponding return fuelline 57. Thus fuel is sequentially injected from the fuel injector pump52 to each fuel injector assembly 58. As already noted, the injection offuel into the precombustion chamber 62 can be set to coincide with thatone of the pistons 18 being in a predetermined positional relationshipwithin the cylinder 16.

As previously mentioned, each combustion chamber 20, 20a in the cylinderhead 12 is hemispherically shaped. In order to provide for the highcompression ratios required in diesel engines each piston assembly 18has its corresponding piston member 68 formed with a similarlyhemispherically shaped or domed top portion.

FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 depict the structure of one of the combustionchambers 20 while FIGURE 8 depicts the structure of one of thecombustion chambers 20a. In the following discussion components, axes,etc. associated with chambers 20a which are similar to like components,axes, etc. associated with chamber-2,0 will be given identical numberswith the subscript a added. Each of the combustion chambers 20, 20a inthe cylinder head 12 is provided with an annular seat 72, 72a,respectively, against which the intake valve of each of the intake valveassemblies 32 is seated and a second annular seat 74, 74a, respectively,against which the exhaust valve associated with each of the exhaustvalve assemblies 34 is seated. The center of the annular seat 72, 72a iscoincident with a radi-. us line R, Ra (FIGURES 5 and 8) which is theradius of each of the spherically contoured combustion chambers 21),20a. For a purpose to be seen, the center lines E, Ea (FIGURES 5 and 8)of the annular seats 74, 74a, respectively, for the exhaust valveassemblies 30 is offset and not along a radius line.

Looking specifically now to FIGURE 8, the radius line Ra and the axis Eaare shown relative to three mutually perpendicular lines defining theXa, Ya and la axes, respectively, which are shown to be intersecting atthe center 0a of an imaginary sphere of which the combustion chamber 20ais a zone. The radius line Ra lies in the plane defined by the Xa and Zaaxes, which plane extends transversely of the cylinder head 12 andsubstantially bisects the combustion chamber 20a. The axis Ea of theannular seat 74a for the exhaust valve assembly 34 is offset from the Xaaxis a distance Da along the Ya axis. The axis line Ea is skewedrelative to radius line Ra and hence lies in a plane parallel to theplane defined by the Xa and Za axes.

In forming the valve seats 72, 72a and 74, 74a, a circular cutter ispassed along the radius line R, Ra and along the axis E, Ea,respectively. Since the radius line R, Ra corresponds to a radius lineof the imaginary sphere of which the combustion chamber 20, 20a is azone, a uniform annular wall will be formed defining the seat 72, 72aassociated with the intake valve assembly 32. However, the same is nottrue in the formation of the seat 74, 74a for the exhaust valve assembly34. On moving a circular cutter along the offset axis E, Ea a pocket 76,76a is cut in the combustion chamber 20, 20a. Thus a combustion pocket76, 76a is formed in the vicinity of the exhaust valve and is a portionof a right circular cylinder and performs a function to be seen. Notethat the amount of the combustion chamber 20, 20a removed (and hence theextent of the volume defined by the pocket 76, 76a) is dependent uponthe magnitude of the distance D, Da and the size of the cutter used. Thevolume defined by the pocket 76, 76a is selected to provide the propercompression ratio. Note that with such a construction the valve seat 74,74a can be machined simul taneously with the machining of the pocket 76,76a.

As can best be seen in FIGURE 4, each injector assembly 58 for adjacentcylinders 16 and combustion chambers 20, 20a are located on opposite,transverse sides of the camshaft 21 in a side-by-side relationship. Withalternate injector assemblies 58 located on opposite sides, the fuellines 55 and 57 from the injector fuel pump 52 are more readilyaccommodated. In order to provide this construction, the combustionpockets 76, 76a in adjacent combustion chambers 20, 20a are formed byoff: setting the distance E, Ea, oppositely from the point of origin 0,0a along the Y, Ya axis. Thus a combustion pocket 76 as shown in FIGURES5, 6 and 7 would be as associated with the first, third and fifthcombustion chambers 20 (from left to right in FIGURE 1) while thecombustion pocket 76a as shown in FIGURE 8 would be as formed for thesecond, fourth and sixth combustion chambers 20a (from left to right inFIGURE 1). Note that by so locating the injector assemblies 58 and bycating the fuel injector pump 52 to be in axial alignment with and to bedriven by the camshaft 21, a valve cover 79 can be disposed over thecamshaft 21, pump 52, injectors 58, fuel lines 56, etc., therebyproviding a compact assembly and protecting the various components fromdamage.

An orifice 78 (FIGURES 1, 2 and 7) communicates each of theprecombustion chambers 62 with a corresponding combustion chamber 20,26a and is inclined at an angle such that the fuel is injected into thecombustion pocket 76, 76a to further enhance the swirling elfect. Thisswirling 'or turbulence causes a better mixture of fuel and air andhence results in a more efiicient combustion of the fuel. By locatingthe combustion pocket 76 by the exhaust valve the temperature of thefuel-air mixture therein is raised, thereby enhancing combustion. As canbest be seen in FIGURE 6, by offsetting the exhaust valve seat 76 theinjector orifice 78 can be approximately centrally located with respectto the combustion chamber 20; this allows for a shorter, more uniformflame travel to all parts of the chamber 20, hence providing for a moreeflicient combustion of fuel. Of course, the same result is obtained inchambers 20a.

The principle of operation of a diesel engine as previously described isconventional and will be described only briefly here with reference toone of the combustion chambers 20, 20a. Upon a first stroke downward ofthe piston assembly 18, the intake valve assembly 32 as actuated by itscorresponding rocker arm member 30 unseats the intake valve from theseat 72 and clean air is drawn into the combustion chamber 20 and intothe corresponding cylinder 16 from the intake manifold 42. Upon theupward stroke of the piston assembly 18 the air inside the combustionchamber 20 is compressed; likewise, compression takes place of the airin the precombustion chamber 62, since that is connected directly to thecombustion chamber 20 via the orifice 78. As the air is beingcompressed,- a turbulence or swirling 'of the air in the pocket 76occurs because of the discontinuity created by the pocket 76 over thesurface of the combustion chamber 20. At a preselected time on theupstroke of the piston assembly 18, fuel is injected from the fuelinjector pump 52 via the input line 55 into the injector 64 and into theprecombustion chamber 62 via the nozzle 66. Excess fuel, of course, isreturned to the pump 52 via the return line 57. The fuel is injected asa spray into the precombustion chamber 62 where ignition initially takesplace as a result of the high temperature of the gas therein due to itscompression, as previously described. The mixture in the precombustionchamber 62 is partially ignited and immediately expands and flows intothe. combustion chamber 20 and specifically into the combustion pocket'76 towards which it is directed via the orifice 78. The partiallyignited mixture directed into the combustion pocket 76 causes furtherswirling and turbulence; of course, the flame initiated in theprecombustion chamber 62 also travels into the pocket 76 igniting themixture therein; the flame from the precombustion chamber 62 likewisepropagates throughout the remainder of the combustion chamber 20igniting the mixture therein. Upon ignition of the fuel within thecombustion chamber 20, the expanding gases cause the piston assembly 18to be moved downwardly again. On the next stroke of the piston assembly18 upwardly, the exhaust valve of the assembly 34 unseats from the valveseat 74 thereby allowing the exhaust gases to be purged from thecombustion chamber 20 and into the atmosphere via the exhaust manifold44. The same cycle of operation, of course, is sequentially occurring inthe rest of the cylinders of the diesel engine It). For cold starting, aglow plug or other type apparatus well known in the art could beutilized to initially provide ignition of the fuel.

Note that by forming the combustion pocket '76 within the walls of thecombustion chamber 20 and the cylinder head 12, cooling can be providedto this portion via the water cooling system and specifically via thechambers 84, 86 (FIGURE 3); this allows for a higher output for samesized engines without danger of damage. For example, in the dieselengine as shown in the figures a turbo supercharger could be attachedproviding for an increase in horse power output without necessitating achange in construction other than the installation of the superchargingequipment. In the preferred embodiment air alone is inducted through theintake manifold 42; if desired, by modification well known in the art, alean fuel-air mixture could be inducted instead.

Thus a diesel engine design has been provided in which a hemisphericalcombustion chamber and overhead camshaft are utilized to provide acompact engine having the numerous advantages described above.

While it will be apparent that the preferred embodiment of the inventiondisclosed'is well calculated to fulfill the objects above stated, itwill be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification,variation and change without departing from the proper scope or fairmeaning of the subjoined claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality ofcombustion chambers, a camshaft rotatably secured overheadto said cylinder head, intake means individual to each of saidcombustion chambers and secured to said cylinder head and being actuableresponsively to rotation of said camshaft for communicating saidcombustion chambers with a gas to be drawn therein, exhaust meansindividual to each of said combustion chambers'and secured to saidcylinder head and being actuable responsively to rotation of saidcamshaft for communicating said combustion chambers to the atmosphere, afuel injector pump secured to one end of said camshaft and beingactuable responsively to rotation of said camshaft for pumping fuelunder pressure, and injector means for conducting fuel from said fuelinjector pump to each of said combustion chambers.

2. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality of combustion chamhere, a camshaft rotatably securedoverhead to said cylinder head having a plurality of axially spaced cammembers disposed thereon, intake means individual to each of saidcombustion chambers and secured in overhead relationship to saidcylinder head and being actuable by said cam member responsively torotation of said camshaft for communicating said combustion chamberswith a gas to be drawn therein, exhaust means individual to each of saidcombustion chambers and secured in overhead relationship to saidcylinder head and being actuable by said cam members responsively torotation of said camshaft for communicating said combustion chambers tothe atmosphere, a fuel injector pump secured in substantial axialalignment to one end of said camshaft and being actuable responsively torotation of said cam-shaft for pumping fuel under pressure, and injectormeans for conducting fuel from said fuel injector pump to each of saidcombustion chambers.

3. In an in-line diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinderhead having a plurality of combustion chambers, a camshaft rotatablysecured overhead to said cylinder head and having a plurality of axiallyspaced cam members disposed thereon, intake means individual to each ofsaid combustion chambers and secured to said cylinder head and beingactuable by said cam members responsively to rotation of said camshaftfor communicating said combustion chambers with a gas to be drawntherein, exhaust means individual to each of said combustion chambersand secured to said cylinder head and being actuable by said cam membersresponsively to rotation of said camshaftfor communicating saidcombustion chambers to the atmosphere, a fuel injector pump secured toone end of said camshaft and being actuable responsively to rotation ofsaid camshaft for pumping fuel under pressure, and injector means forconducting fuel from said fuel injector pump to each of said combustionchambers, said injector means including a plurality of injectorassemblieseach individual to one of said combustion chambers forinjecting fuel therein with adjacent ones of successive pairs of saidinjector assemblies disposed on opposite, transverse sides of saidcamshaft in a substantially side-by-side relationship and furtherincluding a plurality of fuel lines connecting each of said injectorassemblies to said injector pump.

4. In an in-line diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinderhead having a plurality of combustion chambers, a camshaft rotatablysecured overhead to said cylinder head and having a plurality of axiallyspaced cam members disposed thereon, intake means individual to each ofsaid combustion chambers and including an intake valve assembly securedin overhead relationship to said cylinder head and being actuable bysaid cam members responsively to rotation of said camshaft forcommunicating said combustion chambers with a gas to be drawn therein,exhaust means individual to each of said combustion chambers andincluding an exhaust valve assembly secured in overhead relationship tosaid cylinder head and being actuable by said cam members responsivelyto rotation of said camshaft for communicating said combustion chambersto the atmosphere, 9. fuel injector pump secured in substantial axialalignment to one end of said camshaft and being actuable responsively torotation of said camshaft for pumping fuel under pressure, injectormeans for conducting fuel from said fuel injector pump to each of saidcombustion chambers, said injector means including a plurality ofinjector members each individual to one of said combustion chambers forinjecting fuel therein and a plurality of fuel lines connecting each ofsaid injector members to said injector pump, and a cover member securedto said cylinder head and substantially enveloping said camshaft, eachsaid intake valve assembly, eachsaid' exhaust valve assembly, saidinjector pump, and said injector means.

5. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality of combustion chambers each having an intake and an exhaustvalve seat therein, each of said combustion chambers at least partiallydefined by a peripheral, recessed surface in said cylinder head, acombustion pocket formed integrally with each of said combustionchambers at one of said intake and exhaust valve seats and defined by aportion of said recessed surface further recessed from substantially theremainder thereof and being openly, unrestrictedly in communication withsaid each of said combustion chambers, and means operative with each ofsaid combustion chambers for injecting fuel therein and includingpassage means oriented for directing substantially all of the injectedfuel in a direction into each said combustion pocket.

6. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality of combustion chambers each defining a zone of a sphere andeach having an intake and an exhaust valve seat therein, each of saidcombustion chambers at least partially defined by a peripheral, recessedsurface in said cylinder head, a combustion pocket formed integrallywith each of said combustionchambers at said exhaust valve seat anddefined by a portion of said recessed surface further recessed fromsubstantially the remainder thereof and being openly unrestrictedly incommunication with said each of said combustion chambers, and meansoperative with each of said combustion chambers for injecting fueltherein and including passage means oriented for directing substantiallyall of the injected fuel in a direction into each said combustionpocket.

7. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylin der head havinga plurality of combustion chambers therein, each of said combustionchambers at least partially defined by a peripheral, recessed'surface insaid cylinder head, a combustion pocket formed'integrally with each ofsaid combustion chambers and defined by a portion of said recessedsurface further recessed from substantially the remainder thereof andbeing openly, unrestrictedly in communication with said each of saidcombustion chambers, a plurality of fuel injector assemblies each influid communication with and individual to one of said combustionchambers injecting fuel therein, each of said fuel injectors having anorifice positioned to direct fuel into that one of said combustionpockets with which it is individual.

8. The diesel engine of claim 7 in which said each of said fuel injectorassemblies includes a precombustion chamber with said orificecommunicating said precombustion chamber to said combustion chambers.

9. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a longitudinallyextending cylinder head having a plurality of spherically contouredcombustion chambers therein, each of said combustion chambers at leastpartially defined by a peripheral recessed surface in said cylinderhead, each of said combustion chambers having an intake and an exhaustvalve seat with the axes of said intake and said exhaust valve seatbeing longitudinally offset from each other, a combustion pocket formedintegrally with each of said combustion chambers at one of said intakeand said exhaust valve seats and defined by a portion of said recessedsurface further recessed from substantially the remainder thereof andbeing openly, unrestrictedly in communication with said each of saidcombustion chambers, and means operative with each of said combustionchambers for injecting fuel therein and including passage means orientedfor directing substantially all of the injected fuel in a direction ineach said combustion pocket.

10. The diesel engine of claim 9 with the surface defining saidcombustion pocket being a portion of a right circular cylinder havingits axis coincident with the axisof said one of said intake and saidexhaust valve seats at which said combustion pocket is formed.

11. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality of spherically contoured combustion chambers therein, eachof said combustion chambers having an intake and an exhaust valve seatwith the axis of one of said intake and exhaust valve seats being in aplane transversely bisecting said each of said combustion chambers andwith the axis of the other of said intake and said exhaust valve seatsbeing in a transverseplane longitudinally offset from the transverseplane of said axis of said one of said intake and exhaust valve seats acombustion pocket formed integrally with each of said combustionchambers at said other of said intake and said exhaust valve seats andmeans operative with each of .said combustion chambers for injectingfuel therein and including passage means oriented for directingsubstantially all of the injected fuel in a direction into each saidcombustion pocket.

12. The diesel engine of claim 11 with said one of said intake andexhaust valve seats being said intake valve seat and with said other ofsaid intake and exhaust valve seats being said exhaust valve seat.

13. The diesel engine of claim 12 further including a plurality of fuelinjector assemblies each in fluid communication with and individual toone of said combustion chambers for injecting fuel therein, each of saidfuel injector assemblies having an orifice located approximatelycentrally in said one'of said combustion chambers and positioned todirect fuel into that one of said combustion pockets with which it isindividual.

14. The diesel engine of claim 12 with adjacent ones of successive pairsof said combustion chambers having the axes of said exhaust valve seatslongitudinally offset towards each other and further including acamshaft rotatably secured overhead to saidcylinder head and having aplurality of axially spaced cam members disposed thereon, intake meansindividual to each of said combustion chambers and secured to saidcylinder head and being 9 actuable by said cam members responsively torotation of said camshaft for communicating said combustion chamberswith a gas to be drawn therein, exhaust means individual to each of saidcombustion chambers and secured to said cylinder head and being actuableby said cam members responsively to rotation of said camshaft forcommunicating said combustion chambers to the atmosphere, a fuelinjector pump secured to one end of said camshaft and being actuableresponsively to rotation of said camshaft for pumping fuel underpressure, and injector means for conducting fuel from said fuel injectorpump to each of said combustion chambers, said injector means includinga plurality of injector assemblies each individual to one of saidcombustion chambers for injecting fuel therein with adjacent ones ofsuccessive pairs of said injector assemblies disposed on opposite,transverse sides of said camshaft in a substantially side-bysiderelationship and further including a plurality of fuel lines connectingeach of said injector assemblies to said injector pump.

15. The diesel engine of claim 12 with the axis of each said intakevalve seat being coincident with a radius line for each of saidspherically contoured combustion chambers.

16. The diesel engine of claim 15 with the surface defining saidcombustion pocket being a portion of a right circular cylinder havingits axis coincident with the axis of said exhaust valve seat.

17. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality of spherically contoured combustion chambers therein, eachof said combustion chambers having an intake and an exhaust valve seatwith the axis of one of said intake and exhaust valve seats being in aplane transversely bisecting said each of said combustion chambers andwith the axis of the other of said intake and said exhaust valve seatsbeing in a transverse plane longitudinally offset from the transverseplane of said axis of said one of said intake and exhaust valve seats, acombustion pocket formed integrally with each of said combustionchambers at said other of said intake and said exhaust valve seats, anda plurality of fuel injector assemblies each in fluid communication withand individual to one of said combustion chambers for injecting fueltherein, each of said fuel injector assemblies having an orifice locatedapproximately centrally in said one of said combustion chambers andpositioned to direct fuel into that one of said combustion pockets withwhich it is individual.

18. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality of spherically contoured combustion chambers therein, eachof said combustion chambers having an intake and an exhaust valve seatwith the axis of one of said intake and exhaust valve seats being in aplane transversely bisecting said each of said combustion chambers andwith the axis of the other said intake and said exhaust valve seatsbeing in a transverse plane longitudinally offset from the transverseplane of said axis of said one of said intake and exhaust valve seats,adjacent ones of successive pairs of said combustion chambers having theaxes of said other of intake and said exhaust valve seats longitudinallyoffset towards each other, a camshaft rotatably secured overhead to saidcylinder head and having a plurality of axially spaced cam membersdisposed thereon, intake means individual to each of said combustionchambers and secured to said cylinder head and being-actuatable by saidcam members responsively to rotation of said camshaft for communicatingsaid combustion chambers with the gas to be drawn therein, exhaust meansindividual to each of said combustion chambers and secured to saidcylinder head and being actuatable by said cam members responsively torotation of said camshaft for communicating said combustion chambers tothe atmosphere, a fuel injector pump secured to said camshaft and beingactuable responsively to rotation of said camshaft for pumping fuelunder pressure, and injector means for conducting fuel from said fuelinjector pump to each of said combustion chambers, said injector meansincluding a plurality of injector assemblies each individual to one ofsaid combustion chambers for injecting fuel therein With adjacent onesof successive pairs of said injectors assemblies disposed on opposite,transverse sides of said camshaft in a substantially side-by-siderelationship.

19. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a cylinder head havinga plurality of spherically contoured combustion chambers therein, eachof said combustion chambers having an intake and exhaust valve seat withthe axis of one of said intake and exhaust valve seats being in a planetransversely bisecting said each of said combustion chambers and withthe axis of the other of said intake and said exhaust valve seats beingin a transverse plane longitudinally ofliset from the transverse planeof said axis of said one of said intake and exhaust valve seats, theaxis of said one of said intake and exhaust valve seats being coincidentwith the radius line for each of said spherically contoured combustionchambers, and a combustion pocket formed integrally with each of saidcombustion chambers at said other of said intake and said exhaust valveseats.

20. The diesel engine of claim 19 with the surface defining saidcombustion pocket being a portion of a right circular cylinder havingits axis coincident with the axis of said other of said intake and saidexhaust valve seats.

21. In a diesel engine the combination comprising a longitudinallyextending cylinder head having a plurality of combustion chamberstherein, each of said combustion chambers haivng an intake and anexhaust valve seat transversely spaced and longitudinally oflfset fromeach other, in successive pairs of said combustion chambers both of saidcombustion chambers in one of said pairs having those of said intake andexhaust valve seats on one transverse side of said cylinder headlongitudinally offset towards each other.

22. The combination of claim 21 in which each of said combustionchambers has a combustion pocket formed integrally therewith at those ofsaid intake and exhaust valve seats on said one transverse side.

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1. IN A DIESEL ENGINE THE COMBINATION COMPRISING A CYLINDER HEAD HAVINGA PLURALITY OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, A CAMSHAFT ROTATABLY SECUREDOVERHEAD TO SAID CYLINDER HEAD, INTAKE MEANS INDIVIDUAL TO EACH OF SAIDCOMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND SECURED TO SAID CYLINDER HEAD AND BEING ACTUABLERESPONSIVELY TO ROTATION OF SAID CAMSHAFT FOR COMMUNICATING SAIDCOMBUSTION CHAMBERS WITH A GAS TO BE DRAWN THEREIN, EXHAUST MEANSINDIVIDUAL TO EACH OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND SECURED TO SAIDCYLINDER HEAD AND BEING ACTUABLE RESPONSIVELY TO ROTATION OF SAIDCAMSHAFT FOR COMMUNICATING SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE, AFUEL INJECTOR PUMP SECURED TO ONE END OF SAID CAMSHAFT AND BEINGACTUABLE RESPONSIVELY TO ROTATION OF SAID CAMSHAFT FOR PUMPING FUELUNDER PRESSURE, AND INJECTOR MEANS FOR CONDUCTING FUEL FROM SAID FUELINJECTOR PUMP TO EACH OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBERS.